我国城市体育文化与城市文化的相容性分析     

林〓宁  李〓凌 《广州体育学院学报》2017,37(4):48-52

随着物质生活水平的逐步提高,人们越来越重视城市的文化功能.但是在现实中,我国的城市发展过于强调经济指标,而忽视了文化建设,导致许多城市面临着文化缺失的问题.体育文化与城市文化,是社会主义文化的重要组成部分.文章分析总结了我国城市发展中的文化缺失现象,对体育文化与城市文化发展的相容性进行分析,认为促进体育文化的发展在一定程度上丰富了城市文化,增加了城市文化的内涵与活力,是繁荣城市文化的重要途径.提出要在塑造文化价值观、创建独特的文化发展模式、协调好文化事业和文化产业的关系、促进文化互动交流和文化创新等几个方面来推进城市体育文化的发展.  相似文献   

近代中国高等体育教育发展历程的研究     

张艺琼  姜毅  闫二涛 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(5):81-87

摘要：通过文献资料法、访谈法等研究方法，把近代中国社会变革、高等教育的发展以及近代体育的发展综合起来考量，结合在近代社会变迁过程中对近代高等体育教育产生重要影响的制度、思想、事件等，将近代中国高等体育教育历史划分为四个阶段：近代中国高等体育教育的萌芽期（1840年-1912年），近代中国高等体育教育的探索期（1912年-1927年），近代中国高等体育教育的成熟期（1927年-1937年），近代中国高等体育教育的困难时期（1937年-1949年）。进而对近代中国高等教育发展在各个阶段的背景、概貌和特点进行分析，其中又从办学宗旨、课程设置、师资力量和学生情况等方面对各阶段的发展概貌进行了具体分析，最后得到了高等体育教育的发展需要内外部动力的相互作用、兼顾社会需求和个人发展、保持好与国家政府之间的关系以及处理好办学质量与效益的关系等启示。对近代中国高等体育教育发展的历史脉络进行梳理并从中找寻经验规律，在为当代中国高等体育教育的发展提供历史参考方面有着重要的理论和实践意义。  相似文献   

Optimal sampling frequency in recording of resistance training exercises     

Paolo Bardella  Irene Carrasquilla García  Marco Pozzo  Julio Tous-Fajardo  Eduardo Saez de Villareal 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(1):102-114

The purpose of this study was to analyse the raw lifting speed collected during four different resistance training exercises to assess the optimal sampling frequency. Eight physically active participants performed sets of Squat Jumps, Countermovement Jumps, Squats and Bench Presses at a maximal lifting speed. A linear encoder was used to measure the instantaneous speed at a 200 Hz sampling rate. Subsequently, the power spectrum of the signal was computed by evaluating its Discrete Fourier Transform. The sampling frequency needed to reconstruct the signals with an error of less than 0.1% was f_99.9 = 11.615 ± 2.680 Hz for the exercise exhibiting the largest bandwidth, with the absolute highest individual value being 17.467 Hz. There was no difference between sets in any of the exercises. Using the closest integer sampling frequency value (25 Hz) yielded a reconstruction of the signal up to 99.975 ± 0.025% of its total in the worst case. In conclusion, a sampling rate of 25 Hz or above is more than adequate to record raw speed data and compute power during resistance training exercises, even under the most extreme circumstances during explosive exercises. Higher sampling frequencies provide no increase in the recording precision and may instead have adverse effects on the overall data quality.  相似文献   

我国体育产业发展现状、问题与对策建议     

荆林波 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2016,(4):1-10

体育产业化是世界体育强国发展的普遍规律，作为朝阳产业，它的发展程度是衡量一个国家体育经济与体育文化发展水平的重要标志。文中通过文献资料整理，对体育产业的概念进行了界定和阐释，以全球体育产业为视角，对美国、英国、德国和澳大利亚的发展状况进行对比分析，梳理和归纳我国体育产业发展特征，剖析我国体育产业存在的问题，以“十三五”国家发展战略为契机，提出了一系列促进我国体育产业整体发展水平的对策与建议，以期为我国实现体育强国梦提供一定的理论参考。  相似文献   

Experiences of Danish Business Expatriates in Russia: Power Distance in Organizational Communication     

Elena V. Chudnovskaya  Laura S. O’Hara 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2016,45(4):261-281

Rapid globalization of business processes stimulates many companies to dispatch their employees – business expatriates – on overseas assignments. Russia differs markedly from many other cultures in terms of specific communication norms and rules. Understanding such differences in organizational life is crucial for the success of business expatriates working there. This study employs in-depth interviews with eight Danish business expatriates who worked in Russia and examines the differences between the Danes and the Russians in terms of communication characteristics related to Hofstede’s cultural dimension power distance. This work enhances scholars’ empirical knowledge of power distance, which has rarely been investigated qualitatively.  相似文献   

复合式训练影响青少年下肢爆发力的meta分析     

翟华楠  周彤 《武汉体育学院学报》2020,54(10):65-71

目的：运用元分析的方法检验复合式训练对青少年下肢爆发力影响的干预效果，检验并提出最优的运动干预方案。方法：运用STATA 15.1和Review Manager 5.3对纳入的10篇文献和301名被试者通过设置抗阻类型、抗阻强度、间歇时间、训练频率和训练周期等5个调节变量进行亚组分析，采用固定效应模型进行整体效应、异质性、发表偏倚性检验。结果：（1）复合式训练对跳跃类运动表现的影响效应量d0.36，对短跑类运动表现的影响效应量d-0.51，两者达到中等效应且具有统计学意义；（2）本研究纳入的10篇文献异质性较低，间歇时间、训练频率和训练周期的对跳跃类和短跑类运动表现影响的效应量有一定差别。结论：（1）复合式训练能够显著提升青少年跳跃类和短跑类运动表现；（2）抗阻训练选择等张收缩、强度70%1RM以下、小于3分钟的间歇时间、在4~8周内选择每周1-2次的复合式训练能够对青少年运动表现有较好的提升；（3）围绕青少年人群开展的复合式训练较为缺乏，后续研究应加强理论与实践研究。  相似文献   

Assessment of leg muscles mechanical capacities: Which jump,loading, and variable type provide the most reliable outcomes?     

Amador García-Ramos  Belén Feriche  Alejandro Pérez-Castilla  Paulino Padial  Slobodan Jaric 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(6):690-698

This study aimed to explore the strength of the force–velocity (F–V) relationship of lower limb muscles and the reliability of its parameters (maximum force [F₀], slope [a], maximum velocity [V₀], and maximum power [P₀]). Twenty-three men were tested in two different jump types (squat and countermovement jump: SJ and CMJ), performed under two different loading conditions (free weight and Smith machine: Free and Smith) with 0, 17, 30, 45, 60, and 75?kg loads. The maximum and averaged values of F and V were obtained for the F–V relationship modelling. All F–V relationships were strong and linear independently whether observed from the averaged across the participants (r?≥?0.98) or individual data (r?=?0.94–0.98), while their parameters were generally highly reliable (F₀ [CV: 4.85%, ICC: 0.87], V₀ [CV: 6.10%, ICC: 0.82], a [CV: 10.5%, ICC: 0.81], and P₀ [CV: 3.5%, ICC: 0.93]). Both the strength of the F–V relationships and the reliability of their parameters were significantly higher for (1) the CMJ over the SJ, (2) the Free over the Smith loading type, and (3) the maximum over the averaged F and V variables. In conclusion, although the F–V relationships obtained from all the jumps tested were linear and generally highly reliable, the less appropriate choice for testing the F–V relationship could be through the averaged F and V data obtained from the SJ performed either in a Free weight or in a Smith machine. Insubstantial differences exist among the other combinations tested.  相似文献   

Sports’ disciplinary legacy and the challenge of ‘coaching differently’     

Jim Denison  Joseph P. Mills  Timothy Konoval 《Sport, Education and Society》2017,22(6):772-783

Be empowering. Be athlete-centered. Be autonomy supportive. These are three related topics currently being promoted by sport psychologists and sport pedagogists in an effort to recognize athletes’ unique qualities and developmental differences and make coaching more holistic and coaches more considerate. This has led us to ask, how likely are such initiatives to lead to coaches putting their athletes at the center of the coaching process given that coaches’ practices have largely been formed through relations of power that subordinate and objectify athletes’ bodies through the regular application of a range of disciplinary techniques and instruments [e.g. Barker-Ruchti, N., &; Tinning, R. (2010). Foucault in leotards: Corporeal discipline in women's artistic gymnastics. Sociology of Sport Journal, 27, 229–250; Heikkala, J. (1993). Discipline and excel: Techniques of the self and body and the logic of competing. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10, 397–412; Gearity, B., &; Mills, J. P. (2012). Discipline and punish in the weight room. Sports Coaching Review, 1, 124–134]? In other words, to try to develop athlete-centered coaches capable of coaching in ways that will empower their athletes without also problematizing the discursive formation of coaches’ practices concerns us [Denison, J., &; Mills, J. P. (2014). Planning for distance running: Coaching with Foucault. Sports Coaching Review, 3, 1–16]. Put differently: how can athlete empowerment initiatives be anything more than rhetoric within a disciplinary framework that normalizes maximum coach control? It is this question that we intend to explore in this paper. More specifically, as Foucauldians, we will argue that coaching with greater consideration for athletes’ unique qualities and developmental differences needs to entail coaching in a less disciplinary way and with an awareness and appreciation of the many unseen effects that disciplinary power can have on coaches’ practices and athletes’ bodies.  相似文献   

Trait Affection Given and Received: A Test of Hofstede’s Theoretical Framework     

Daniel H. Mansson  Aldís G. Sigurðardóttir 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2017,46(2):161-172

This study sought to address Hofstede and McCrae’s (2004) call for systematic cross-cultural comparisons of trait-like attributes. Specifically, we examined the extent to which Danish, Icelandic, Polish, and American adults’ trait affection given and trait affection received are (a) dependent on national origin, and (b) associated with Hofstede’s dimensions of cultures (i.e. individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance). The participants (N = 606) completed a questionnaire in English that consisted of the trait affection given and trait affection received scales. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance and linear regression analyses revealed that people’s trait affection given and received are (a) dependent on national origin, and (b) associated with Hofstede’s dimensions of cultures.  相似文献   

Learning the American Way: Sports International and American Soft Power     

Austin Duckworth 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(11):1112-1127

Abstract

From 1962 to 1968, the United States Government along with private entities funded the training of athletes from developing nations through a non-profit organization named Sports International. Led by former Peace Corps member David Dichter, Sports International sought to enhance America’s image in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. The initial aim of the programme was to train athletes to compete at the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo. The theory behind Sports International centred on the notion that helping developing nations achieves athletic success would influence them to view the United States more favourably. The idea to form Sports International came in the midst of the Cold War as the United States and the Soviet Union battled on a multitude of fronts. This article argues that American leaders worried about the presence of the Soviet Union in developing countries and sought ways to maximize American influence in those areas. The theory of soft power, a concept most prominently explicated by American international relations theorist Joseph Nye, forms the framework for this study. By analysing Sports International through this lens, this article demonstrates several problems which might ensure should one overemphasize the effect of sport on a nation’s soft power.  相似文献